拓扑优化设计中刚度与密度关系的一种力学模型

为了探讨变密度法中伪密度的变化对材料刚度的影响,并建立两者之间的力学关系,本文采用有限元法研究这一问题。提出利用"实心"与"空心"两种八节点体单元来构建"微元体"模型,通过各种比例的"实心"和"空心"体单元的均匀组合,来模拟伪密度数值的变化过程。理论分析与推导表明:确定"微元体"的刚度时,本模型不仅与加载和约束形式无关,而且与"微元体"的形状亦无关。通过数值试验,可以给出这种模型的刚度与伪密度的离散数值关系;最后,利用幂指函数获得其解析关系。计算结果发现一个十分有趣的现象:刚度与伪密度不遵循人为给出的幂函数关系。     

层合陶瓷基复合材料多尺度应力-应变计算模型

对层合陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)的应力-应变行为进行了研究。基于多尺度分析方法，实现了由组分性能参数到层合陶瓷基复合材料整体应力-应变的计算。采用可实现单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变计算的细观力学模型，由材料的细观组分性能计算出单向板的非线性弹性性能，并将单向板的弹性性能作为层合复合材料模型的输入参数，通过有限元法计算层合陶瓷基复合材料的整体应力-应变响应。与试验数据的对比表明:采用该模型可以实现层合陶瓷基复合材料在单调拉伸载荷及拉伸加卸载条件下应力-应变曲线的预测，其中数据的最大偏离为19.61%.      

某电子设备耐大量级振动组合式减振器研制

某电子设备在飞行过程中遭受均方根加速度高达38 g的振动环境,为了降低其振动响应,采用有限元分析和试验验证相结合的方法,研制了一种新型的组合式橡胶减振器。通过与T型减振器进行对比试验,结果表明,设计的组合式橡胶减振器使电子设备的随机振动响应由38 g下降到11 g,减振效率高达71%,且共振峰放大倍数小于3。     

二维机织C/SiC复合材料非线性力学行为数值模拟

建立了考虑纤维束内部缺陷以及外部基体缺陷的多尺度单胞模型。首先依据电镜扫描图和材料内部单胞的密度,确定了纤维束单胞和复合材料单胞的几何尺寸;然后引入周期性边界条件,利用含缺陷的纤维束单胞模型计算了其初始模量和强度;最后使用由电镜扫描图确定尺寸的复合材料单胞模型,利用上一尺度的材料参数,对复合材料的模量进行了预测;并建立了含损伤纤维束单胞的刚度矩阵,运用基于不同失效模式下损伤状态变量的刚度渐进折减法表征材料积分点损伤,通过数值结果与试验结果的对比,分析了Hashin准则作为判定纤维束起始损伤的适用性,并最终据此给出了单轴载荷作用下受损材料参数的变化情况。分析表明:基于考虑两种缺陷的多尺度模型,使用Hashin准则对C/Si C复合材料单胞进行非线性应力-应变行为数值预报与实验吻合良好。     

准双曲面齿轮LTCA弯曲变形约束方法

针对现有准双曲面齿轮加载接触分析（LTCA）受载后得到的弯曲变形中包含由于柔性引起的变形和加载点与轮坯之间剪切变形的问题，提出了轮齿有限元模型约束方法用于消除柔性引起的变形和剪切变形。该约束方法在原有约束方法的基础上引入了约束轮坯内圈和轮齿中间平面的有限元模型，并给出了该约束方法对应的齿面法向柔度矩阵的计算过程。为验证该约束方法的正确性，将原约束方法、该约束方法及实验结果进行对比。结果表明:约束方法主要影响齿面加载接触印迹的范围，最大载荷时原有约束方法加载接触印迹到达齿面小端，而该约束方法的加载接触印迹在最大载荷时距离小端仍有3~4mm与实验结果吻合更好。      

中空复合材料压缩性能及有限元分析

对"X"形的中空复合材料的压缩性能进行测试,并根据其结构参数建立模型,使用ANSYS Workbench软件对建立出的模型进行静力学数值模拟分析,拟合出其压缩力学性能曲线,对比数值模拟结果与实验数据。结果表明:该复合材料压缩时芯材主要承受压缩载荷作用,更容易发生破坏,5 mm压缩变形时,最大压缩应力为475.25 MPa,最大压缩应变为3.9785%;建立出的复合材料结构模型压缩性能模拟结果与实验测试结果基本吻合,误差比例仅为(8.73±2.92)%,证明该模型具有一定的准确性。     

Effects of fiber orientation on tool wear evolution and wear mechanism when cutting carbon fiber reinforced plastics

The aim of the present paper is to reveal the influence of different fiber orientations on the tool wear evolution and wear mechanism. Side-milling experiments with large-diameter milling tools are conducted. A finite element (FE) cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is established to get insight into the cutting stress status at different wear stages. The results show that different fiber orientations bring about distinct differences in the extent, profile and mechanism of tool wear. Severer wear occurs when cutting 45° and 90° plies, followed by 0°, correspondingly, the least wear is obtained when θ = 135° (θ represents the orientation of fibers). Moreover, the worn profiles of cutting tools when θ = 0° and 45° are waterfall edge, while round edge occurs when θ = 135° and a combined shape of waterfall and round edge is obtained when θ = 90°. The wear mechanisms under different fiber orientations are strongly dependent on the cutting stress distributions. The evolution of tool wear profile is basically consistent with the stress distribution on the tool surface at different wear stages, and the extent of tool wear is determined by the magnitude of stress on the tool surface. Besides, the worn edges produce an actual negative clearance angle, which decreases the actual cutting thickness and leads to compressing and bending failure of fibers beneath the cutting region as well as low surface qualities.     

C/C机织复合材料开孔板强度有限元模拟

三维机织复合材料已在航空航天领域得到广泛应用,研究开孔C/C机织复合材料在拉伸和压缩状态下的损伤机理具有重要工程价值。建立开孔C/C三向正交机织复合材料试验件的镶嵌有限元模型,在孔周范围内按照材料的细观结构建立细观尺度有限元模型,采用基于细观力学的强度准则对其拉伸和压缩损伤演化过程进行模拟,并预测其极限拉伸、压缩载荷和拉伸、压缩强度。结果表明:在拉伸与压缩载荷下,由于缝线与纤维束接触区域的应力集中,使得开孔板经纱多处区域出现损伤起始,开孔板损伤区域均呈"X"形扩展。     

Damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure impacted by a bird

On the windward side of an aircraft, the components with higher probability of impact with birds are the wing-type leading edge structures, such as the wing and tail. A study on the damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure under bird strikes was presented in this paper. First, a bird strike test was carried out on a wing. The principles of the bird strike test equipment and method were introduced in detail, including the bird strike test system, bird projectile production process and data acquisition system. The dynamic strain measurement results, the high-speed camera videos, and the final deformation and damage morphology observations of the structure were obtained. Based on the coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) - Finite Element Method (FEM), the commercial software PAM-CRASH was used to simulate the process of a bird strike with the wing. The good agreement between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results shows that the calculation method and the numerical model presented in this paper were reasonable. On this basis, wing-type leading edge structures can be designed by adding triangular support. The bird strike resistances of an original structure and improved structure were studied by numerical simulation. The calculated results show that the improved wing-type leading edge structure is less damaged than the original structure under bird strike. The improved leading edge structure satisfied the anti-bird strike airworthiness requirements, as the thickness of the triangular support was 1.2 mm, and the weight of the structure was reduced by 0.87 kg compared with the original structure. This indicated that the bird strike resistance of the improved structure is better than that of the original structure, and the improved design of the wing-type leading edge structure presented in this paper is reasonable.     

全机有限元模型修正及验证方法研究

有限元分析现已成为飞行器设计的重要工具,若要提高有限元仿真的准确性,需要对有限元模型进行必要的修正。以某型直升机全机静力试验有限元模型为研究对象,基于静力试验实测的应变值,进行变量参敏度分析和模型优化,针对全机试验测点多、模型自由度大的特点,提出适用于验证全机模型的相关性算法;基于该算法,应用某一工况下的试验结果,对全机有限元模型的部分参数进行修正,得到与试验结果符合较好的模型参数结果;应用其他工况的结果对修正后的模型进行验证,结果表明:其他工况下修正后模型的计算结果与试验值也很接近,证明了该相关性算法和全机模型修正及验证方法的可行性和有效性。